Taking into account disciplinary culture as a presumption, this study aims to uncover the criteria of effective teaching from the vantage point of different higher education students. Thus, a cultural anthropological approach was adopted and Becher's classification of disciplines into civil and rural was employed for selecting the participants. From the statistical population, 14 students were purposively selected from disciplines of philosophy cultural studies, history, sociology, and psychology (as representatives of rural disciplines), and 9 from disciplines of mechanical engineering, petroleum engineering, and civil engineering (as representatives of civil engineering) through networked selection as the sampling method. Methodologically, the study could be considered as interpretive educational ethnography. The research data were analyzed based on Peter Woods 6 level framework, so it continued up to level 2 (classifying and categorizing). To establish credibility, two strategies were employed including member check and peer debriefing. The necessary data were gathered by semi structured and informal interviews and represented in a thematic style. According to the findings, effective teaching in rural disciplines was characterized by features like emphasis on classic works, human relations, grassroots language, and understanding. On the other side, effective teaching in civil disciplines is valued when it takes into account features as being up-todate, emphasis on content, professional language, and applicability.

The polite listener In England stares at the speaker attentively and blinks his eyes occasionally as a sign of interest. That eye-blink says nothing to Americans, who expect the listener to nod or to murmur something such as "mm - hmm”. And in some parts of  Far East, it is impolite to look at the other person at all during conversation.It is often argued that, in teaching foreign languages, culture and language are interwoven in a way that it is not possible to present language without its culture. However, until a new method of teaching language, called communicative approach, which is sociolinguistically oriented, had not come into existence, this belief was not used to be observed in textbooks and language classes. This method intends to create situations in the classroom in which foreign language can be used as naturally and authentically as the native speakers of target language use it for communicative purposes.The problem of teaching culture, nevertheless, does not end here. Nowadays, foreign languages are taught with different and varied objectives. Is it necessary for all foreign language learners to get familiar with the culture of foreign language they are supposed to learn? As Schumann (1984) claims, is it true that second language learning is impossible, unless one gives up his/her own native culture and adopts the culture of foreign language community? What are some relevant issues regarding teaching English in Iran? These are actually some basic questions raised in this article. Whereas definite answers are not necessarily provided in this paper, some areas of research related to culture, and teaching foreign language are put forward.

Education is a continually developing activity, it shapes the way an individual develops their attitudes, thoughts and behavior. Education is not just about being literate but it is an overall development of the person in every aspect of their lives. A society's educational system can be greatly linked to its culture as the culture that one is in have an affect on the type of curriculum the institutions will develop in order to cater to every individual of that particular culture. Education moulds and shapes a society and it is influenced by the culture of the particular country or society. The educational system acts as a point of reference for the society's needs and demands. The principles that dominate this article is culture and education are interrelated and interconnected. Every educational paradigm is influenced by the culture of the society in which it operates. This essay underlines the extensive connection between culture and education. As a result, the goal of this essay is to depict these features from a Philosophical-Psychological Approach.

Interdisciplinary can be considered as an advantage when it has a certain relation with scientific and epistemic facilities in a society. In contemporary Iran, some of these facilities are the heritage of our religious intellectualism, and considering interdisciplinary phenomenon, they may be used in scientific and methodological fields, and somehow in academic policy-making. The heritage of Ali Shariati’s intellectualism -- as a thing that cannot be rejected in terms of language, theoretical value, and attraction to students in our thought framework-contains the basis for multi-disciplinary and inter-disciplinary thought. Therefore, having multi-disciplinary knowledge, Shariati discuses subjects such as human, history, land, and identity-which cannot be explained properly using a mere field of study-in an inter-disciplinary method. The canon of Shariti’s inter-disciplinary thought can be discussed in the concept of “fixed-variable”. This paper conducts a hermeneutical analysis of the interdisciplinary facilities in Shariati’s intellectualism base on “fixed-variable” challenge. The result indicates that interdisciplinary can be a base for making human sciences indigenous in Iran. If we take into account the interdisciplinary based on historical and social facts, the real epistemic and thinking challenges will be revealed and interdisciplinary can be expanded.

This study investigates the role of organizational culture as one of the main preventive factors in reducing corruption. The research is applied in terms of purpose and its method is descriptive-correlational. In order to collect data, the standard questionnaire of Denison Organizational Culture (2000) and the standard questionnaire of Abdollahi Corruption (2013) were used. The statistical population of this study included all employees of the Hormozgan police headquarters. The statistical sample is 195 people based on Cochran's formula who were selected by simple random sampling. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by professors and experts and its reliability was obtained using Cronbach's alpha formula for the organizational culture questionnaire of 0. 91 and the corruption questionnaire of 0. 78, respectively. SPSS software and Spearman correlation coefficient, regression and Friedman test were used to analyze the data. Findings showed that organizational culture and its factors (participatory, stability and integration, flexibility and mission) have a significant effect on corruption. Also, according to Friedman test, flexibility with a coefficient of 2. 82 is the first priority. As a result, it has the greatest effect on corruption, followed by stability and integration with a coefficient of 2. 68 in the second priority, and a mission with a coefficient of 1. 96 in the fourth and final rank, which has the least effect on corruption in the NAJA. As a result, the article has tried to highlight the role of the desired organizational culture, to create a good environment to increase the knowledge of managers of organizations to prevent the occurrence of undesirable phenomena called corruption.

Background and Aim the purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of video surveillance systems in disciplinary crime prevention in the city of Hamadan. Method The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method, which was performed by survey technique. The statistical population of the study was 250 employees of Hamadan police command, including line and staff in the deputy of operations, preventive police, ICT, police chiefs and city dignitaries. The sample size was calculated by Cochran relation of 148 people and selected by stratified random sampling method. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire and the validity of the data collection tool was obtained through face and content validity and its reliability by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0. 85. Data analysis was performed using t-test. findings Based on the research findings in the component of reducing the opportunity for crime through video surveillance system, the index of "integration of video surveillance systems with other systems" with an average of 4. 22, in the component of organizing formal surveillance, the index of "systems expansion in crime areas" with an average of 16. 16 4 and in the component of electronic monitoring through video surveillance system, "scheduling systems for warning in case of crime" with the average of 4. 01 received the highest scores. Results if the capabilities of video surveillance systems are used well, it will be possible to reduce the opportunity for crime, improve formal surveillance of neighborhoods and electronic surveillance to effectively prevent crime.

Language is an "instinct" that cognitive scientists have called a "mental organ", a "faculty", or a "module". It is a complex specialized skill which develops in the child spontaneously without conscious effort or formal instruction, is deployed without awareness of its underlying logic, is qualitatively the same in every individual, and is distinct from more general abilities to process information or behave intelligently. Since prehistoric times, literature has been serving two complementary functions: to expand the disciplinary studies (cognitive, emotive, and volitional) horizons of human consciousness and to integrate our beliefs, feelings, and desires within the fluid mentality required for survival in the complex social environments of human organisms...

Organizations need to change because of the challenges posed by the dynamic environment in which they operate. Organizations are also making changes because they have new ideas to improve their performance. Therefore, organizational change is imposed by external or internal environmental factors and organizational culture as a soft factor affects the behavior and decision making of employees and thus the strategic orientation, performance, procedures and attitude of the company towards change and innovation. The present study explains the executive framework of organizational improvement and development based on organizational culture. 384 employees of the Sistan and Baluchestan Disciplinary Command have been selected as a sample. In terms of nature, the present research method is among the descriptive and non-experimental researches (field and survey), while in the process of this research, the combined library and field method has been used as inseparable components of scientific researches. Rational culture is the dominant organizational culture, also the most effective is related to the e-government variable. Lack of easy access to experts and also decision-making problems in choosing a methodology due to the diversity of relevant methodologies were the limitations of this research. The research evaluated organizational diagnoses regarding organizational changes and creating effective effectiveness. The value of this article is to use a combination of 4 types of strategies or strategies in creating the effectiveness of organizational improvement based on culture.

Cultural knowledge, like all value-creation assets, is tacit and more effective. The aim of this study was identify the components of humanities culture in Tehran city universities. To this end, different disciplines of the humanities: Law, Management, Education, Geography and Sociology were studied. The research method was qualitative and data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Using intensity sampling, subjects were selected for interview and interviews data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Based on the findings of this study, the cultural components of disciplines studying were categorized into 9 themes: Purpose of Education, Media of Education, Teaching Method, Evaluation Method, Research Method, Teacher-Student Relationships, Academic Ethics, Attitude to Students and Attitude to Students. These disciplines differ on two levels, intra-disciplinary and inter-disciplinary. The interdisciplinary level is influenced by external or meta discipline factors, university and society which are often overlooked in studies. Therefore, to improve these components is suggested that cultural change planning be on the agenda of educational policymakers.